Battle of Bataan Memorials and Markers

[JohnEakin]

Glad you enjoy what you're doing, Bob, as you're doing a fine job of keeping the memory alive. Besides giving talks like this and maintaining the BDM markers, your monumental compilation of the Bilibid roster has provided a measure of closure to many families.

Keep on keeping on.

[Karl Welteke]

GEN. KING SURRENDER MARKER AT LAMAO, BATAAN

Recently I got recruited to escort an American to the Battle of the Points on Bataan and we also stopped and looked at some of the other WWII Battle of Bataan Markers.

One of the most important events in WWII on Bataan to remember is Gen. King’s surrender of the United States Forces on Bataan April the 9th 1942.

For information and education I leaned heavily on sources from the Battling Bastards of Bataan (BBB).



X351. This picture is from this BBB web page, please click on it to see the other 3 images that show the Japanese Imperial Forces in their cruelest form.

www.battlingbastardsbataan.com/bbbpics.htm (20th Jan. 2022, this link is dead. It seems the BBB web pages ceased to exist)

This is the description for the BBB picture above.
The Battling Bastards of Bataan has long held the view that Gen. King surrendered the Luzon Force in Lamao, Bataan, not, as many believed, in Bataan's Provincial Capital, Balanga, Bataan. Gen. King surrendered himself, and the Luzon Force, at Lamao, giving his pistol to Col. Nakayama, at the experimental farm. Later in the day, he was brought to Balanga where he was interrogated and made to pose for propaganda photos. No surrender papers were ever signed. Pictured above, riding on the Jeep are Col. Williams, Maj. Hurt, (in the back seat) and the driver, Pvt. Burns, from the 192nd Tank Bn.

Thanks to Sebastian Baldassarre for bringing this photo to our attention, he is the long time web master of the BBB web pages.

The BBB Association together with local Bataan people built this Gen. King Surrender Marker in Lamao. I belief the very active Bataan resident Edna Binkowski was very helpful in getting it established. When it was built, I don’t know, but here are 3 early images, again, from the BBB web pages.



X352. The Gen. King Surrender Marker in Lamao, Bataan as it looked shortly after it was established by the BBB Organization, local residents and Authorities.



X353. Close-up of the Gen. King Surrender Marker in Lamao, Bataan as it looked shortly after it was established by the BBB Organization.



X354. The Gen. King Surrender Marker in Lamao, Bataan as it looked shortly after it was established by the BBB Organization. The Memorial Marker is in the middle of the picture. Today the covered basket ball court is still in the same location but between it and the Gen. King Marker small local fish and vegetable vendors having taken over the area and you have to go thru a vendors stall to enter the Gen. King Memorial Surrender Marker. Is that right?



X355. Where is the Gen. King Surrender Marker? It is here hidden by fish vendors and I failed to see whether the two Filipino Heroes shown in image X353 still exist? At this historical venue Gen. King had the moral courage to surrender the Philippine and American Forces it did not serve any more purpose but saved many of his Soldier’s Life. The senior Japanese Officer said: “We are not Barbarians”. But starting on this historical day at this historical place was the beginning of the death of perhaps 10,000 American lives and perhaps 30,000 Filipino lives in the care and hands of the Japanese Imperial Forces.



X356. On the 29th of Oct. 2007 I visited the Gen. King Surrender Marker and it already showed signs of neglect.The Gen King Name are gone and it suffered some damage to the marble. The vendors did not block the entrance then.



X357. We had to search for the Gen. King Surrender Marker, walked around the basket ball court and the fish vendors, ended up at the rear of the Gen King Marker and then recognized it.



X358. We got to this point and were still puzzled but the vendors told us to enter here; they realized that we wanted to get to the Gen. King Surrender Marker.



X359. This is the entrance to the Gen. King Surrender Marker now. I failed to look for the two Filipino Heroes that are shown in the image X353 whether they still exist.



X360. The condition of the Gen. King Surrender Marker now, today the 10th of April 2015. The Gen. King name is gone still. But the inscription of the of the marker looks pretty good, better then on my last visit in 2007. I belief it is the work of the Edna Binkowski, her sister and the sister’s very active groom Bob Hudson, we have to give thanks that it looks this good.



X361. The Gen. King Surrender Marker in Lamao, Bataan side view. The American retiree from Texas who has visited the Philippine several times to visit historical places is paying his respect. I was asked by the Kwiecinski family, residing on Corregidor, to help show him the Battle of the Points in Bataan because I visited those points many times. On our way to and from the points he and I revisited some other historical markers.

THERE IS CONFUSION AS TO WHETHER GEN. KING SURRENDERED HIS BATAAN FORCES IN LAMAO OR BALANGA!

The Battling Bastards of Bataan were precisely formed, separate from the Defenders of Bataan and Corregidor, to promote the absolute truth of the historical Battle of Bataan.

And in my next segment I will present verbatim the testimony of the Battling Bastards of Bataan as to where the surrender took place!!!!!

PS: These images were uploaded at the original size as I have them on my hard drive.

[Karl Welteke]

THE BATAAN SURRENDER AT LAMAO

This is what the Battling Bastards of Bataan say in this URL:

battlingbastardsbataan.com/lamao.htm (20th Jan. 2022, this link is dead. It seems the BBB web pages ceased to exist)


The Bataan Surrender
(at Lamao, Bataan)

1. Gen. King met with his staff around 11:00 PM, on April 8. The discussions confirmed his belief that the situation was hopeless and to continue to resist would not accomplish anything, except to waste the lives of his men. Gen. King decides to surrender.

2. Orders were given to destroy ammunition dumps and existing hardware.

3. Arrangements were made to evacuate certain personnel to Corregidor.

4. Around 3:30 AM, April 9, Col. Everett C. Williams and Maj. Marshall H. Hurt volunteered to make contact with the Japanese. They decided to leave before sunrise. Gen. King gave Col. Williams a piece of paper requesting a meeting with the Japanese officer commanding the Bataan Army and gave Williams the authority to negotiate a surrender, if the Japanese refused to see Gen. King. In the course of their journey, they get separated for spell and then reunited. They acquired a jeep and a driver. The three, then, proceeded driving north, towards Japanese lines.

5. Sometime after 5:30 AM, they were intercepted by Japanese troops. Col. Williams showed the Sergeant in charge the letter, from King, with his instructions. After some tense moments, the Japanese Sergeant boarded the American Jeep, and they drove north where they met Gen. Kameichiro Nagano.

6. Gen. Nagano agreed to meet Gen. King near the frontlines, at the experimental farm station near Lamao. The Japs retained Col. Williams and sent Maj. Hurt back to Gen. King.

7. A few minutes after 9:00 AM, Maj. Hurt returned to Gen. King’s headquarters. Soon after, Gen. King, Col. Collier, Maj. Wade R. Cothran, Capt. Tisdelle, and Maj. Hurt boarded two jeeps and drove towards the experimental farm, in Lamao. During their drive, they were strafed by Japanese planes. One of the jeep drivers was Pvt. Burns.

8. Japanese troops intercepted them at the Lamao River Bridge. Gen. King and his party were escorted to a house, at the experimental farm station, at Lamao. Gen. Nagano told Gen. King that a representative of the Japanese 14th Army would soon arrive.

9. A few minutes after 11:00 AM, Col. Motoo Nakayama, senior operations officer for the 14th Army, arrived. Col. Nakayama thought Gen. King was Gen. Wainwright. When Gen. King explained that he was not Gen. Wainwright, Col. Nakayama told Gen. King to go get Gen. Wainwright.

10. Gen. King explained he could not contact Gen. Wainwright and he only had authority to surrender the forces on Bataan, not the Filipino-American forces of the Philippines.

11. Col. Nakayama replied that he could not accept a piecemeal surrender of just the Bataan forces. He, again, told Gen. King that no surrender could be accepted or the cessation of hostilities would be granted without the presence of Gen. Wainwright surrendering the entire Filipino-American forces of the Philippines.

12. After more heated discussion and Col. Nakayama refusing to accept the surrender of the Bataan forces, Col. Nakayama agreed to accept the individual, unconditional surrender of Gen. King, as an individual. The distinction is that no force, or entity was ever surrendered, since the surrender of only a part of the Filipino-American forces could not be accepted, by Col. Nakayama. There were no terms of surrender to be discussed. At this point, Col. Nakayama insisted on holding to his linguistic distinction between personal surrender and the surrender of a force.

13. Gen. King asked if he surrendered, would his troops be treated well. Col. Nakayama only replied, "We are not Barbarians." The aforementioned quote was the only surrender term Gen. King would receive from Col. Nakayama.

14. Gen. King agreed to surrender. The JAPs asked for Gen. King’s sword. Gen. King apologized and said he did not have his sword. He left it in Manila. He did convinced them to take his pistol.

15. No surrender document was prepared or signed, nor was any effort made to formalize the surrender. The Japanese concluded that the surrender negotiations had failed. Col. Nakayama later wrote, "The surrender of the American Philippine Forces in the Bataan Peninsula was accomplished by the voluntary and unconditional surrender of each individual. The negotiations for the cessation of hostilities failed." From the Japanese perspective, no force was ever surrendered, only individuals surrendered.

16. Col. Nakayama left. Col. Collier and Maj. Hurt were allowed to return to the American lines with Gen. King’s order to surrender.

17. Gen. King, Col. Williams, Maj. Cothran, and Capt. Tisdelle were driven to Balanga, Bataan. They were taken to the Balanga Elementary School, where cameramen took photographs of them.

18. At the Balanga Elementary School, Gen. King and the other officers were interrogated by Col. Nakayama, again present, on the following points:
a) The number of Japanese prisoners held by the Americans.
b) The number of artillery pieces and tanks left on Bataan.
c) The number of troops and artillery pieces on Corregidor.
d) If there existed an underground tunnel from Mariveles to Corregidor.
e) If there existed caverns or tunnels where large reserves of artillery and ammo were kept.

19. King said all he had left were trucks and some gas for the trucks, so they may transport their troops to the destination the Japanese desired. Gen. King then asked, where his men be transported. The Japanese refused to answer. Col. Nakayama left.

20. The Japanese were angered by the repeated "No." and "I do not know." answers to their questions. A Japanese officer shouted at the guards to lock up Gen. King's party, in a nearby hut.

21. The important point is: at Balanga, there was never any discussion of surrender or of the surrender terms. They were there to be interrogated. Gen. King had surrendered himself at Lamao. From Lamao, he sent two officers from his party back to the American lines to order the rest of his troops to surrender to the Japanese. No formal surrender ever took place and nothing was ever signed. Only the nebulous (verbal) assurance of "We are not barbarians." was given as a term of surrender.

22. The confusion over the surrender site, probably, stems from the existence of the photographers at Balanga and not at Lamao. At Lamao, there were no reporters or cameramen to record the surrender. The photographs taken of Gen. King and his party, at Balanga, precipitated the falsehood of the surrender, at Balanga, when in fact, at Balanga, they were, merely, captured soldiers being interrogated.

23. Gen. King never met Gen. Masaharu Homma.
Fred Baldassarre

[Karl Welteke]

GEN. WAINWRIGHT SURRENDERS THE ALLIED FORCES AND ALL OF THE PHILIPPINES

THE ALANGAN LINE, THE LAST LINE ON BATAAN IS REMEMBERED

The darkest hour of the Philippines in WWII and for the US Army occurred here at this spot in an old house that does not exist anymore. This most tragic moment is remembered with this Philippine Marker at this fork, where the Old National Bataan East Road and the new Bataan Express Way split up again.



X588 this marker was placed here, at the Bataan Provincial Expressway/Roman Superhighway, Townsite, Mariveles, by the Philippine Government to remember our darkest hour, the Surrender of the Philippines.



X589 the marker is in Filipino and this is the English translation: Resistance against the Japanese ended when Corregidor fell and when Lieutenant General Jonathan M. Wainwright surrendered to Lieutenant General Masaharu Homma in a house in this site.
This is the best image I got, if someone please send me a better readable copy and I will post it.



X590 this map shows the location of the two WWII marker sites of this segment remembering the Surrender of the Philippines and the last Defense Line General King and staff were contemplating.



X591 maybe the only image of this very sad event in out Philippine and US History, when General Wainwright had to surrender his forces and the Philippines to Imperial Japan.



X592 the map showing the surrender site of Lieutenant General Jonathan M. Wainwright surrendering to Lieutenant General Masaharu Homma in Cabcaben then.



X593 after the surrender at Cabcaben Gen. Wainwright was taken to Manila and had to use public Radio and couriers to get the other US and Philippine Forces to surrender.

There are two markers close together that remember that General King and his staff were contemplating to form one more defense line after the Imperial Japanese Forces broke thru and destroyed the lines around Mt. Samat.
They are on the old Bataan National Highway and the Bataan Express Way which run combined here at this place called Alangan. They have been placed separately on the opposite sides of the Alangan Bridge and River.



X594 this is the newer marker remembering the Alangan Line, it is located close, but north of the Alangan River/Bridge and east of the National Highway in the barangay Alangan compound.



X595 this is the famous Victor Verano, a buff in our Forum, taking a picture of the newer marker remembering the Alangan Line. We two were running around in Bataan looking for historical sites on the 9th of April 2013.



X596 close up picture of the newer marker remembering the Alangan Line, so you can read it.



X597 a more detailed map where the two markers are which remember the Alangan Line



X598 again I am roving around in Bataan in April 2015 with a visitor from the US. This is the older marker remembering the Alangan Line. It is located, very close and south of the Alangan River and Bridge. And it is on the west side of the Highway.



X599 the house has been encroaching this Government placed historical Marker. I can’t help asking myself how these things can happen?



X600 close up picture of the older marker remembering the Alangan Line, so you can read it.

[Karl Welteke]

TRAIL 2 BATTLE-CAPOT HILL MARKER AND CAPOT VILLAGE

One of the important WWII Memorial Markers along the Pilar-Bagac Road is the Trail #2 Battle-Capot Hill Marker. This is a memorable spot where the Imperial Japanese Army learned one of many lessons that the Filipino Soldier was not an easy roll over victim.

This is the URL of Chapter XVII (Trail 2 and the Pockets) from the US Army Book “Fall Of The Philippines” if you would like to read up on it.

www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USA/USA-P-PI/USA-P-PI-18.html

HERE IS ONE SMALL PARAGRAPH FROM PAGE 332:

The main attack by the 9th and 141st Infantry against Capot began as darkness settled over the battlefield. With the exception of a single battalion of Takechi's 9th Infantry, which managed to cross the Pilar River and entrench itself in a bamboo thicket about seventy-five yards north of the main line, this attack, like that of the 142d, failed to achieve its objective. General Nara was forced to conclude after the returns were in that a stronger effort would be required to drive the enemy into Manila Bay. But he still believed that the line he had unsuccessfully attacked on the night of the 27th was an advanced position or outpost line.

I, Karl, believe this paragraph describes the area where the ex Capot Village Hall is now and it also is the real start of Trail #2.

I started an album of the Pilar-Bagac Road Markers and the images of the Trail #2 Battle-Capot Hill are the first contribution. For this marker it is the “A” series of images in this album:

app.photobucket.com/u/PI-Sailor/a/65afa867-38d8-4cc3-b5ea-caea6c4beb71

Here are sample images:



X730 (A1) a 26th June 2012 image, welcome to the Trail #2 Battle and Capot Hill Marker. Sometime I get on the picture and the hill in Back is Mt. Samat.



X731 (A2) close-up image of the -Battle of Trail 2-Capot Hill-Marker.



X732 (A3) the Trail #2 Battle and Capot Hill Marker and the sign are along the Pilar-Bagac Road in the village of Nagwaling. Maybe during the war this community did not exist yet.




X733 (A4) the map of a section of the Bataan main battle area is to help you find your way around.



X734 (A6) sometime I go to these historical places with friends. Here are two friends studying the Trail #2 Battle and Capot Hill Marker in Sep 2012. The younger man is the Great Grandson of General Lim with his teacher friend Kevin.



X735 (A7) then we moved to the Gen. Lim (ex Capot) Village Hall there is another historical marker. I wonder what the Great Grandson of Gen. Lim thought when he learned that this village was renamed in Honor of his Great Grandpa.



X736 (A8) this marker on the village hall of Barangay Gen. Lim honors the men of Company A, 51st Eng. Battalion and their gallant leader.

[Karl Welteke]

THE FINALE BATTLE OF BATAAN MARKER

This marker remembers the finale battle of Bataan; its misery, death and defeat.


This is the URL of Chapter XXIV: The Final Japanese Offensive from the US Army Book “Fall Of The Philippines” if you would like to read up on it.
www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USA/USA-P-PI/USA-P-PI-24.html




This is the lead paragraph, page421:

Friday, 3 April, was not only the day Homma had selected to open the offensive; it was also a religious and national holiday for the soldiers on both sides of the battle line. For the Christian defenders it was the Friday of Holy Week, and the more devout observed the anniversary of the Crucifixion with prayers and fasting. For the Japanese, the 3d of April marked the anniversary of the death of the legendary Emperor Jimmu, the first ruler to sit on the imperial throne. In Japan there would be religious ceremonies and feasting; on Bataan the soldiers of Hirohito, a direct descendant of the Emperor Jimmu, would celebrate the day in more warlike manner. If all went well, they might gain victory in time to make the emperor's birthday, 29 April, a day of special rejoicing.[



I started an album of the Pilar-Bagac Road Markers and the images of the Trail #2 Battle-Capot Hill are the first contribution. This entry is for the Final Battle of Bataan Marker on the Pilar to Bagac Road. It is the “B” series of images in this album (6 images).

app.photobucket.com/u/PI-Sailor/a/65afa867-38d8-4cc3-b5ea-caea6c4beb71

Here are 5 sample images which are smaller than in the album:



X763 (B1) on the 22nd April 2015 visited the Final Battle of Bataan Marker with a Texas Friend.



X764 (B2) this is the plaque, marker of the Final Battle of Bataan Marker. This picture is from the 22nd April 2015. The Philippine Shrine Commission has put up this plaque and many others throughout the country, many years ago.
You should be able to zoom it for easier reading.



X765 (B4) this map describes the Final Battle of Bataan area and I marked in the spot where the marker is and also the bridge over the Tiawir River. That river played an important role in the Main Defense Line.
You should be able to zoom it for easier reading.



X766 (B5) the hanging bridge over the Tiawir River, maybe just 300 meter north of the Final Battle of Bataan Marker. The Tiawir River comes from straight ahead and makes a left turn here (to the right, looking at the picture) and then runs parallel to the MLR. The Catmon River comes from the left and flows into the Tiawir River here.



X767 (B7) a nice view of the three key mountains from the area of the Final Battle of Bataan Marker, Mount Limay,-Samat and Mariveles.

[Karl Welteke]

PANTINGAN MASSACRE MARKER

The Japanese invading imperial army carried out a massacre on several hundred soldiers of the Philippine Army in the Pantingan River in 1942.

I think the soldiers and this terrible event deserve much greater remembrance than the marker that is here along the Pilar-Bagac Road. As far as I know nobody ever has been held responsible. But the Japanese have placed several so called “Friendship Markers “along this same road but there is no “sorry sign”.

This massacre is covered with many pages in the www.

In our forum it has been discussed to some extend and this is the URL, in fact the Google Earth map provided here by chadhill is from that web page:

corregidor.proboards.com/thread/1209/trail-battle-final-areas?page=3



X 918 from chadhill, I have walked down trail 9 or 8 about 25% only in Dec 2014, see the next image; it is from this URL:

corregidor.proboards.com/thread/1209/trail-battle-final-areas?page=3



X919 Karl’s GPS tracks, maybe next dry season I will try to walk down again from Trail No 29 and try to go up on the river west bank but I will need a partner. It seems over a 200 meter drop down to the river and the trail is not used much.

The next two images show the Pantingan River Massacre Marker, both are from 2007-10-11. The Edna Binkowski and Bob Hudson with Spouse Team have cleaned and retraced the writing on the marker since.



X920 the PANTINGAN MASSACRE MARKER is a little hard to find, it is not very near the Pantingan River; it is around two curves to the west after one crosses the river bridge. It is on the south side in someone’s private property and because of vegetation around it one can miss it easy.



X921 close-up of the PANTINGAN MASSACRE MARKER; this is a 2007-10-11 image. It has been cleaned up since by the Edna Binkowski and Bob Hudson with Spouse Team.

[Karl Welteke]

BATTLE OF THE POCKETS MEMORIAL MARKER

This marker is on the Pilar-Bagac Road going across the Bataan Province. The marker is not exactly at the battle area, maybe 1 km east along the road. These pictures are from 2007 and 2013.

This was one of the important engagements that stopped the Japanese advancement in Jan/Feb 1942. The UFAFFE won a great victory over the Japanese, the soldier were mostly from the Philippine Army and Philippine Scouts of the US Army.

Lots of friends were interested in exploring this battlefield. Then Conrad Buehler and I finally made it to the Battle of the Pockets on the 23rd of Feb. 2013. I walked the Death March Route from Bagac to Pilar on the 11th of Oct. 2007. The pictures of this presentation came from these two walks.

Upper Pocket, Battle of the Pockets. 23rd Feb. 2013. With the help of Mr. Alehandre, a resident nearby, we are certain that we identified the Upper Pocket of the battle. We found bullets and other material just sticking out of the ground of the fields, Mr. Alehandre pointed out to us. Then on top of it all, he gave a treasure cove of WWII artifacts to Conrad. Thank you very much, Mr. Alehandre!

Conrad’s and my walks to the Battle of the Pockets have a thread in our forum with this URL. It has many pictures and gives you a good view what the battle field looks like now:
corregidor.proboards.com/thread/1413/battle-pockets

Mrs. Edna Binkowski, I like to mention in regards to this Battle of the Pockets Marker. She is a Filipina and resident of Bataan, she took the initiative to clean up the marker and remark the writing on it before 2007. In 2013 it was already harder to read and I understand that Bob Hudson, a member of this forum and brother in law of Mrs. Binkowski, has cleaned and remarked it again.

Bob can you post an up to date image of the Battle of the Pockets Memorial Marker, if you got one?


A good reference for reading up on this battle is here:
United States Army in World War II
The War in the Pacific
The Fall of the Philippines, Chapter 18.
Louis Morton
www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USA/USA-P-PI/USA-P-PI-18.html



W51 that is how the Battle of the Pockets Memorial Marker looked like on the 23rd Feb. 2013, the name of Mrs. Edna Binkowski (at the bottom of the base) who volunteered to take care of this marker is unreadable now.



W52 this is Conrad Buehler who visited the Philippines and we started our exploration at this Battle of the Pockets Memorial Marker. It is located at least 1 km east of the actual battle field.



W53 the write on the Battle of the Pockets Memorial Marker on Bataan zoomed in. This Memorial Marker like many others was placed by the Philippine Government Historical Association.



W54 I added this zoomed portion of the Battle of the Pockets Memorial Marker to honor Mrs. Edna Binkowski. She is and has been active in establishing these markers and maintaining them. This is 2007 image and on the 2013 image is not readable anymore.



W55 the Battle of the Pockets Memorial Marker has been placed right at the boundary of the Bagac and Pilar Municipalities. Often the Municipalities in the Philippines erect these welcome gates. Notice there is a plaque on the left side.



W56 the plaque on the left post of the welcome gate is about the Bagac History. On the bottom of the middle paragraph it says that Manual L. Quezon served with General Mascardo in Bataan during the Filipino American War as a major. It also says that the late Manual L. Quezon married Bagac lass at 1900. In the Wikipedia history of the former and late President nothing is said about that but that he married in 1918.



W57 this is the Battle of the Pockets map from the above publication: The Fall of the Philippines, Chapter 18.




W58 this Google Earth map shows my two GPS tracks to the Battle of the Pockets Memorial Marker on Bataan. Plus I marked in many other pertinent points of interest regarding the battle field.



W59 I think this is plenty of evidence that we were on target in our visit to find the Battle of the Pockets battle field.

[cbuehler]

There are no doubts that we have pinpointed the location of the upper pocket battlefield. This is of course a result of the tilled soil that reveals the relics. Gentleman farmer Alejandro had quite the eye!
As mentioned in the thread that Karl made regarding the trip, we did not actually walk the areas of what must be the big and small pockets as they appeared to be somewhat difficult to access, and they are of course traversed by the creeks or streams which are certainly NOT rivers as they are referred to in the histories and maps. The areas were not tilled either, which would make the discovery of relics difficult in order to pinpoint the locations.
With regard to the pockets monument, I remember first seeing it around ten or twelve years ago. It was not maintained and there were no structures near it nor of course was the big Bagac welcome arch present.
I often wonder when it was first built and why it is located where it is, being quite far from the actual locations (and on the north side of the road which may lead less knowledgeable travelers to think the pockets were in that direction). It should have been in Barrio San Antonio instead of here. Perhaps the builders did not know where the actual location is and thought that the creek which runs near to it may have been the ones mentioned in the histories. There are many creeks and streams in the area and their names are confusing and likely have been mistaken all along.
It would seem that the Pantingan marker is not accurately placed either.
I believe the actual location of the massacre was discovered at some time or times in the past, but as with the case of the pockets battles, seems to have been forgotten again.
An exploratory hike up Pantingan river valley is in order here!

CB

[Karl Welteke]

THE BATTLE OF THE POCKETS MEMORIAL MARKER LOOKED THIS WAY IN 1986.



W70 Chadhill, Global Moderator in this forum provided this picture and he said this:

Here is the old deteriorating Tuol Pocket marker as seen in 1986, a short distance off the Bagac-Pilar road and near Trail 7.

It is in this URL started by Victor and who has provide a large amount of information about the battle at the Abucay Hacienda Defense Line


corregidor.proboards.com/thread/812/abucay-hacienda-area